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Herodotus, Histories, Thalia
Published between 430-424 BC 
And when it came to the turn of Darius to speak his mind, he said as 
follows: 
. 
An untruth must be spoken, where need requires. For whether men lie, or say 
true, it is with one and the same object. Men lie, because they think to gain by 
deceiving others; and speak the truth, because they expect to get something by 
their true speaking, and to be trusted afterwards in more important matters. 
Thus, though their conduct is so opposite, the end of both is alike. If there 
were no gain to be got, your true-speaking man would tell untruths as much as 
your liar, and your liar would tell the truth as much as your true-speaking 
man. 
 
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